12 Questions to Ask Before Joint Replacement Surgery
A Guide for Hip and Knee Patients

Considering a hip or knee replacement? Your first consultation with an orthopaedic surgeon is a chance to understand your diagnosis, compare appropriate treatment options and decide what matters most to you. Taking a list of questions can make the conversation easier and help you leave with a clearer picture of the likely benefits, risks and recovery involved.
This guide explains 12 useful questions to ask before joint replacement surgery. It is intended to help you prepare for a discussion with your orthopaedic team; it cannot determine whether surgery is right for you. Your recommendation will depend on your symptoms, examination, imaging where relevant, medical history and personal priorities.
Why prepare questions before an orthopaedic consultation?
Hip and knee pain can affect walking, sleep, work, exercise and ordinary tasks such as dressing or climbing stairs. When symptoms persist, it is natural to want a clear answer and a plan. Yet a consultation can involve unfamiliar terminology, several treatment choices and a lot of information in a short time.
Writing down questions in advance gives you a prompt to return to if you feel anxious or overwhelmed. You can also take a family member or friend, with your permission, and ask the clinician to explain anything that is unclear. NICE recommends shared decision-making and discussion of alternatives, benefits, risks, implant options and recovery for people considering elective hip, knee or shoulder replacement. Its joint replacement guideline also says information should be specific to the procedure and provided in an understandable format.
There is no single question list that suits everyone. Use the suggestions below to identify what you want to understand, then ask the surgeon to relate the answers to your own circumstances.
1. Do I really need joint replacement surgery now?
Ask what the assessment suggests is causing your pain and how the joint problem relates to your symptoms and everyday function. A scan or X-ray is only one part of the picture: it is useful to understand how the findings fit with your examination, history and goals.
For osteoarthritis, NICE advises considering referral for joint replacement when symptoms substantially affect quality of life and non-surgical management is ineffective or unsuitable. That does not mean surgery is automatic. Ask what makes it reasonable to consider now, what the likely consequences of waiting might be in your case, and what signs would prompt you to seek review sooner. The NICE osteoarthritis recommendations emphasise clinical assessment rather than relying on a numerical severity score alone.
2. What is actually causing my joint pain?
Pain around the hip or knee does not always come from the joint itself. Tendons, muscles, the lower back, nearby nerves or other structures can contribute, and more than one factor may be present. Ask your surgeon to explain the working diagnosis in plain language and how confident they are about it.
Useful follow-up questions include: What did the examination show? Do I need further tests? Would another clinician or specialist opinion help? What findings would make you reconsider the diagnosis? Understanding the suspected source of symptoms helps you judge whether a proposed treatment is likely to address the problem you experience. It also gives you a basis for discussing what improvement is realistic.
3. What are my surgical and non-surgical treatment options?
Ask the surgeon to compare the reasonable options for your particular condition. Depending on the diagnosis and your circumstances, this may include activity or lifestyle changes, tailored exercise, pain-management approaches, walking aids, other treatments, continued monitoring or a surgical procedure. Not every option is suitable for every person, and non-surgical care should be discussed in context rather than treated as a universal substitute for surgery.
For osteoarthritis, NICE recommends tailored therapeutic exercise and, where appropriate, support with weight management. The NHS overview of alternatives to hip replacement describes options that may be considered before surgery. Ask what you have already tried, whether it was delivered in a way that fits your needs, and what evidence or clinical reasoning supports the next step. Also ask what may happen if you choose to continue with non-surgical management for now.
4. Which type of joint replacement or implant is suitable for me?
There are different procedures and implant designs. The appropriate choice can depend on the joint, the extent and pattern of damage, bone quality, age, activity, medical history and the surgeon’s assessment. Ask why a particular operation and implant are being recommended, what alternatives exist, and what advantages or limitations apply to each in your case.
You do not need to select an implant based on a brand name or promotional claim. Instead, ask how the surgeon’s recommendation relates to your priorities and what is known about the implant’s performance. NICE advises discussing the potential benefits and risks of available procedures and implant types, including the possibility of further surgery in the future. Ask whether the surgeon has any specific advice about activities or follow-up linked to the implant chosen.
5. What results can I realistically expect?
Ask which symptoms surgery is most likely to improve and which may remain. Many people have less pain and better function after joint replacement, but no operation can guarantee complete pain relief or a return to every previous activity. The result can vary according to the condition being treated, general health, recovery and individual expectations.
Try to describe your own goals in practical terms: walking to the shops, sleeping more comfortably, returning to work, gardening or taking part in a particular sport. Then ask whether each goal is realistic and what timeframe might apply. Ask how success is measured and what could limit progress. A balanced conversation about likely gains and uncertainty can help you decide whether the expected outcome is meaningful to you.
6. What are the risks and possible complications?
Every operation has potential complications. Ask the surgeon to explain the risks that matter most for your planned procedure and health, how likely they are in your situation, what warning signs to look for and how complications would be managed. Depending on the operation, discussion may include infection, blood clots, bleeding, anaesthetic issues, stiffness, persistent pain, dislocation after hip replacement, or the possibility that another procedure is needed.
Avoid relying only on a general percentage found online: figures may differ according to the operation, patient group, follow-up period and definition of a complication. Ask whether your own medical conditions, medicines or previous operations change your risk, and what can be done before and after surgery to reduce it. The NHS provides separate explanations of hip replacement complications and knee replacement complications.
7. How long will recovery and rehabilitation take?
Ask what the first days, weeks and months are likely to involve, while remembering that recovery varies. Find out how long you may stay in hospital, when you are expected to start walking, what equipment you might use, which exercises you will be given and who to contact if progress is difficult.
NHS guidance notes that recovery after hip or knee replacement can take several months, and that recovery after knee replacement can take longer. Your plan will depend on the operation and your health, so use published timelines as general guidance rather than a personal forecast. Ask what progress the team expects at each stage, how pain and swelling are managed, and what you should do if symptoms worsen. NICE recommends rehabilitation after surgery, including advice on daily activities and exercise, with additional supervised support when a person has specific needs.
8. Will I be able to return to my usual activities?
Be specific about what you hope to do: driving, caring responsibilities, work, walking, cycling, swimming, gardening or sport. Ask when you may be able to resume each activity, what conditions need to be met first and whether any movement or impact restrictions may apply.
The answer can differ between hip and knee procedures and between individuals. Work involving heavy lifting or prolonged standing may require a different plan from desk-based work. Some sports may be appropriate after recovery, while others may need to be modified or discussed with the surgical team. Ask for advice that fits your job and activities rather than relying on another person’s recovery story. Your surgeon and rehabilitation team can help you progress safely in line with your procedure-specific instructions.
9. How long might the implant last?
Implant lifespan is not identical for every patient. It can depend on factors such as implant design, activity, body weight, age, surgical factors and general health. Ask what evidence applies to the implant being recommended, how the team monitors its performance and what symptoms should lead you to seek assessment.
A replacement may last many years, but it can wear, loosen or develop another problem, and some people may need further surgery. No one can predict the exact lifespan for an individual. Ask whether your age or likely activity level changes the chance that revision surgery could be needed later. The aim is to understand the range of possibilities and how they affect your choice, rather than to expect a precise expiry date.
10. What is the total cost of surgery and follow-up?
If you are considering private treatment, request a written, itemised estimate. Ask whether the quote includes the surgeon and anaesthetist fees, hospital and theatre costs, implant, tests, medication, physiotherapy, follow-up appointments and any costs if your stay or recovery needs change. Confirm what happens if a complication requires extra treatment and whether insurance authorisation is needed.
If you are using NHS care, ask your team how the pathway works locally, what appointments and rehabilitation are included, and whom to contact with questions. Cost and coverage arrangements vary, so check the details directly with the provider or insurer. A clear estimate helps you compare like with like and prevents you from making a decision based on a headline price that excludes important parts of care.
11. How could my health conditions or medicines affect surgery?
Tell the surgical team about all relevant health conditions, previous operations, allergies and medicines, including non-prescription products and supplements. Ask whether any condition needs review before surgery, whether your medication plan may change, and whether extra monitoring or preparation is recommended.
Your clinician can explain how factors such as diabetes, heart or lung conditions, blood pressure, smoking or other health concerns may influence surgical planning and recovery. This is a discussion about managing individual risks, not a reason to assume that surgery is automatically unsuitable. NICE advises clinicians to explain how risks may vary between individuals. Do not stop or change prescribed medication unless the clinician responsible for your care tells you to do so.
12. Who will perform the operation and who will support me afterwards?
Ask who will carry out the surgery, who else will be involved in your care, where the operation will take place and how to contact the team before and after it. You can ask about the surgeon’s experience with the proposed procedure, the hospital’s arrangements and what follow-up is routinely provided.
Clarify who will explain the operation, manage pain, guide early movement and review your progress. Ask what happens if you have a concern once you are home and whether there is a named contact. For NHS care, the team can explain the local pathway; for private care, confirm what is included in your package and which services may be charged separately. Knowing who is responsible at each stage can make the process feel more organised.
What should I take to my consultation?
A little preparation can make it easier to use your appointment well. Consider bringing:
● A short list of your symptoms, when they began and what makes them better or worse.
● The activities that have become difficult and the changes you most hope to achieve.
● A current list of medicines, supplements, allergies and relevant medical conditions.
● Details of treatments you have already tried and how they affected you.
● Your written questions, plus a notebook or phone to record key points.
● A relative or friend, if you would find their support helpful and the clinic permits this.
You can ask the surgeon to repeat or write down information, explain unfamiliar terms, or tell you where to find reliable written guidance after the appointment. If you are unsure about a recommendation, ask what the alternatives are and whether there is time to consider the decision or seek another opinion.
How physiotherapy may fit before and after joint replacement
Physiotherapy can be part of care before or after an operation, depending on your needs and the plan agreed with your clinical team. Before surgery, an appropriately tailored programme may help you maintain movement, build strength and practise activities that matter to you. NICE recommends advice on preoperative rehabilitation for people having hip or knee replacement, including exercises and ways to maximise function.
After surgery, the hospital team will give you procedure-specific instructions and exercises. Some people manage well with a self-directed programme; others benefit from additional supervised rehabilitation if they have difficulty with daily tasks or ongoing functional problems. Follow the plan provided by your surgeon and hospital team, especially in the early stages.
At Weaver Physio in Northwich, physiotherapists can assess joint pain and discuss exercise or rehabilitation options that fit your circumstances. If you have already had surgery, bring your surgeon’s guidance and any precautions to your appointment so that rehabilitation can be planned around them. Physiotherapy supports assessment and movement goals; decisions about whether to have joint replacement should be made with your orthopaedic team.
Make an informed decision at your first consultation
You do not need to ask all 12 questions in exactly this order. Start with the issues that matter most to you: the diagnosis, whether surgery is appropriate now, the alternatives, the likely outcome, the risks and the practicalities of recovery. Ask for clear explanations, and take time to consider the answers.
A useful consultation should help you understand why a treatment is being recommended and how it fits your goals and health. If something remains unclear, ask who you can contact for follow-up information. Keeping a written record of the discussion can also help you compare options and make a decision with confidence.
For advice on joint pain assessment or rehabilitation after surgery, contact Weaver Physio in Northwich, Cheshire. We support patients from Northwich and surrounding areas with physiotherapy tailored to their needs.
This article is for general information and does not replace advice from your GP, orthopaedic surgeon or physiotherapist. Treatment decisions should be based on an individual clinical assessment.
Further reading
● NICE: Joint replacement (primary)—hip, knee and shoulder
● NICE: Osteoarthritis in over 16s—diagnosis and management
● NHS: Preparing for a hip replacement
● NHS: Recovering from a hip replacement
● NHS: Recovering from a knee replacement













